生产函数在机械工业总产值目标预测中的应用

本文研究探讨了用生产函数模型进行机械工业总产值发展目标预测的方法和步骤.论述了资金产出弹性(α)和劳动产出弹性(β)的取值依据,对(α、β的经济含义进行了客观的解释。     

The Adjustment Property

An input–output (IO) system which is capable of producing any semi-positive net product by an adequate choice of the activity levels of its processes satisfies the ‘adjustment’ property. We analyze under which conditions the adjustment property holds for IO systems in which some produced goods have a purely intermediate character. The peculiarity of these pure capital goods is that final demand for them is identically zero. One of the ways to deal with this type of system is to eliminate the pure capital goods, by means of vertical integration.     

The economic impact of tourism in SIDS

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are faced with many challenges to economic development. Tourism is seen as a viable, and sometimes, only means of economic growth. This research compares the economic impact of tourism to seven SIDS. The research employs input output analysis, linkage analysis and a CGE model to assess the macroeconomic and sectoral impacts of increased tourism in these islands. The findings show that the transportation sector remains a key sector. The tourism income multipliers show that tourism generates a large amount of economic activity but the income that remains in the destinations is often very small. The results show that taking advantage of economies of scale maybe a way to maximize the benefits from tourism.     

中国省际资源环境综合绩效测度

运用了规模报酬可变条件下投入导向的BCC模型,以污染物为非期望产出,测算了2000-2010年中国分省的资源环境综合绩效。在对资源环境绩效进行历史追溯和区域差异分析的基础上,得出整体上绩效水平下降,中西部地区严重恶化的基本结论,并提出加强环境规制、加快产业转型和技术升级以及加强区域间环境协调合作等政策建议。     

现阶段我国经济增长的源泉分析

从总体上讲,我国近些年来的经济增长应是制度转轨、对外开放与二元经济转型等因素相互作用与协同发展的结果;在我国的经济增长过程中,制度-经济增长论与二元经济发展论可以同时成立;不过,从各因素对经济增长的总量贡献上看,二元经济转型的贡献要远大于其他因素.这说明了我国的经济增长不仅享受了渐进式的制度变迁的好处,而且也享受到了转轨的"后发优势".当然,从各种因素对经济增长作用的发展趋势与作用的空间性上看,制约我国未来经济增长的核心经济因素将会从以往的经济制度瓶颈转向产业结构升级与技术进步上.     

运用灰色理论对石家庄市农业经济发展的预测

在讨论和分析现状及存在问题的基础上，运用灰色预测理论对石家庄市农业发展进行了预测，目的是为有关部门制定相关政策提供依据。     

Using life cycle approaches to enhance the value of corporate environmental disclosures

As the focus of environmental policy and management shifts from cleaner production at the process level towards greener products as a whole, stakeholders ask for transparency throughout the entire value chain. This article assesses the comprehensiveness and the value of currently reported quantitative environmental disclosures of 97 listed companies from the automotive, banking, pharmaceutical and electronic hardware sectors. Findings indicate that quantitative environmental disclosures have many limitations, including incompleteness and inconsistency regarding corporate activities and sites, and limited internal data coherence. For many sectors, corporate disclosures only cover a very small share of the total environmental burden of products. A stepwise procedure is proposed to verify and improve the quality and completeness of reporting using life cycle approaches. We present simple data quality tests, and we introduce the concept of the environmental influence matrix, which provides a solid basis for the identification and prioritization of key performance indicators and areas of action. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

中国的通货膨胀与产出缺口——来自2003-2008年的经验分析

采用HP滤波法对2003-2008年的产出缺口进行估计,并使用OLS计量方法对通货膨胀与产出缺口的相关关系进行模型的估计.结果表明:通货膨胀与产出缺口存在正相关关系.通过进一步的分析得出以下政策建议:依赖技术进步和生产效率的提高来促进经济增长,提高潜在产出,同时通过控制资金的供应来调节实际产出,能较好地抑制通货膨胀,实现较高的经济增长率与较低的通货膨胀率.     

How Japan–US Economic Interdependence Changed from 1985 to 1990: Some Findings from Price-adjusted MITI Intercountry Input–Output Tables

This paper consists of two parts. First, constant-price Japan–US intercountry input–output (IO) tables are compiled, based on Japan–US IO tables of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) for 1985 and 1990, and the relative producer prices of both countries, which are estimated by the ‘peeling off’ method from OECD purchasing power parity data. Second, a factor decomposition analysis is carried out to show changes in Japan–US economic interdependence between 1985 and 1990. The Leontief inverse matrices of intercountry IO tables are decomposed into three matrices, which reflect domestic repercussion effects, spillover effects to the other country and feedback effects of own final demand from the other country. Then, a traditional decomposition analysis of changes in production for both countries is applied to see how both countries' economic interdependence changed. It is found that Japan–US economic interdependence moved from a pattern of Japan's dependence on the US to an almost equally interdependent pattern, although the degree of dependence was still higher in Japan in 1990. At the same time, there are significant industrial structural changes in the relationship between both countries, as a result of the significant appreciation of the yen relative to the dollar from 1985 to 1990.